Primary subcutaneous lymphomatous granuloma: a case report and review of literature / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary subcutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG). Methods A case of primary subcutaneous LYG was observed by analysis of the clinical, histological features, immunophenotype and molecular pathology with review of the related literature. Results The male patient, 78-year-old, inadvertently found a mass of right axillary for more than 10 days. The boundary of the mass was clear, it seemed to have a capsule, the cut surface was grayish yellow and grayish red, the texture was medium. A large amount of coagulative necrosis was observed in the center of the mass under microscope. The peripheral area showed a morphological change of panniculitis, accompanied by pleomorphic lymphoid infiltration, showed central and vascular destructive infiltration, pathological mitosis was occasionally observed. Immunophenotyping showed that atypical large lymphoid cells expressed CD45 RB, CD20, CD30, while CD3, CD15, CD56, TIA-1, Granzyme B, ALK, CD21, Langerin and CD1 a, S-100 and CK (AE1/AE3) were negative. The proliferation index of Ki-67 ranged from 50％ to 60％. EBER in situ hybridization showed that positive cells were> 20/HPF.Neither acid fast staining nor TB-DNA testing supported tuberculosis. Molecular pathology found clonal Ig K gene rearrangement, TCRB + TCRG gene rearrangement showed the absence of monoclonal proliferating T cell population. Conclusion The primary subcutaneous LYG is a rare tumor. which can be diagnosed by combination of morphology, immunophenotype and molecular pathology.

Up-regulation of GABAAα1in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray in rats is associated with formalin-induced acute pain / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the expression of γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit (GABAAα1) in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vLPAG) in rats with formalin-induced acute pain. Methods The rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group(group C) and formalin-induced pain group(group F),12 rats in each group:0.9% sodium chloride solution or 2% formaldehyde 50 μL was injected into the ventral surface of right hind paw respectively. The pain scores were recorded for every 5 minutes and the mechanical pain threshold were recorded for every 10 minutes until 1 h. The expression levels of GABAAα1in vLPAG were determined by Western blot analysis in each group.Results The rats in formalin group showed significant nociceptive behaviors immedi-ately, such as paw withdrawal and/or paw licking. Results demonstrated that the rats exhibited a biphasic response to pain. The pain behavior scores in group F were significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05),and the mechanical pain threshold in group F was decreased after injection compared with group C(P<0.05). The expression of GABAAα1 protein in group F was significantly higher than that in group C (P<0.05).Conclusions The up-regulation of GABAAα1 expression in ventrolateral periaqueductal gray is associated with the decrease of pain threshold in rats with acute pain.

Human experiments of metabolism, blood alkalization and oxygen effect on control and regulation of breathing. I: room air exercise test / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Under the guidance of the holistic integrative physiology medicine, we reanalyzed the data during symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in order to investigate control and regulatory mechanism of breathing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study investigated 5 normal volunteers who accepted artery catheter, performed CPET room air. Continuous measured pulmonary ventilation parameters and per minute arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis sample parameters during exercise. All CPET and ABG data changes were standard analyzed and calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>With gradually increasing power, minute oxygen uptake(every breath oxygen uptake x respiratory rate = O2 paulse x heart rate) and minute ventilation (tidal volume x respiratory rate) showed nearly linear progressive increase during the CPET(compared with the rest stage, P < 0.05 - 0.001); Minute ventilation increased even more significant after the anaerobic threshold (AT) and respiratory compensation point. PaO2 was increased at recovery 2 minutes (P < 0.05); PaCO2 was decreased after anaerobic threshold 2 minutes (P < 0.05); [H+]a was increased from AT (P < 0.05), and rapidly raised at last 2 minutes, remained high at recovery. Lactate was increased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05); bicarbonate decreased rapidly from AT (compared with resting, P < 0.05) and it's changed direction was contrary to lactic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In order to overcome the resistance of the power during exercise, metabolic rate othe body increased, respiratory change depend upon the change metabolism, and the accumulation of acidic products exacerbated respiratory reactions at high intensity exercise.</p>

Human experiments of metabolism, blood alkalization and oxygen effect on control and regulation of breathing. II: room air exercise test after blood alkalization / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Basis on the dynamic changes of the ventilation and arterial blood gas parameters to symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), we further investigate the effect of alkalized blood by drinking 5% NaHCO3 on ventilation during exercise.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After drinking 5% NaHCO3 75 ml (3.75 g) every 5 min, total dosage of 0.3 g/Kg, 5 volunteers repeated CPET. All CPET and ABG data changes were analyzed and calculated. At the same time, CPET and ABG parameters after alkalized blood were compared with those before alkalized blood (control) used paired t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After alkalized blood, CPET response patterns of parameters of ventilation, gas exchange and arterial blood gas were very similar (P > 0.05). All minute ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination were gradually increased from resting stage (P < 0.05-0.001), according to the increase of power loading. During CPET after alkalized blood, ABG parameters were compared with those of control: hemoglobin concentrations were lower, CaCO2 and pHa were increased at all stages (P < 0.05). The PaCO2 increased trend was clear, however only significantly at warm-up from 42 to 45 mmHg (P < 0.05). Compared with those of control, only the minute ventilation was decreased from 13 to 11 L/min at resting (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Even with higher mean CaCO2, PaCO2 and pHa, lower Hba and [H+]a, the CPET response patterns of ventilatory parameters after alkalized blood were similar.</p>

Human experiments of metabolism, blood alkalization and oxygen effect on control and regulation of breathing. III: pure oxygen exercise test after blood alkalization / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>After performed symptom-limited maximum cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) before and after acute alkalized blood, we repeated CPET with pure oxygen.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Five volunteers, 3hr after alkalizing blood room air CPET, re-performed CPET inhaling from Douglas bag connected with pure oxygen tank. We compared with those of room air CPETs before and after alkalized blood.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After alkalized blood oxygen CPET had a similar response pattern as those of CPETs before and after blood alkalization. During the CPET, all breath frequency, minute ventilation and tidal volume at each stage were similar to those of CPETs before and after alkalized blood (P > 0.05),except there was a lower peak tidal volume than those of both CPETs and a slightly higher resting minute ventilation only than CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). After alkalized blood, oxygen CPET, all PaO2 and SaO2 and most Hb were lower than those of both CPETs (P < 0.05). The pHa and [HCO3-]a were higher than those of CPET before alkalized blood (P < 0.05); but were not CPET after alkalized blood (P > 0.05). PaCO2 was similar to that of CPET before alkalized blood (P > 0.05), but was lower than that of CPET after alkalized blood at resting and warm-up (P < 0.05); then was similar to both CPETs at anaerobic threshold (P > 0.05); but was higher at peak exercise higher than those of both CPETs (P < 0.01). Oxygen increased 2,3 volunteers' workload and time at AT and peak exercises.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Respiratory response pattern to oxygen CPET after alkalized blood is similar to those of both CPETs before and after alkalized blood. The CPET response is dominantly depended upon metabolic rate, but not levels of pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2.</p>

Better parameters of ventilation-CO₂output relationship predict death in CHF patients / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Measures of ventilation-CO₂output relationship have been shown to be more prognostic than peak O₂uptake in assessing life expectancy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Because both the ratios (VE/Vco₂) and slopes (VE-vs-Vco₂) of ventilation-co₂ output of differing durations can be used, we aim to ascertain which measurements best predicted CHF life expectancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and seventy-one CHF patients with NYHA class II-IV underwent incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and were followed-up for a median duration of 479 days. Four different linear regression VE-vs- Vco₂ slopes were calculated from warm-up exercise onset to: 180 s, anaerobic threshold (AT), ventilatory compensation point (VCP); and peak exercise. Five VE/Vco₂ ratios were calculated for the following durations: rest (120 s), warm-up (30 s), AT (60 s), lowest value (90 s), and peak exercise (30 s). Death or heart transplant were considered end-points. Multiple statistical analyses were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CHF patients had high lowest VE/Vco₂ (41.0 ± 9.2, 141 ± 30%pred), high VE/Vco₂ at AT (42.5 ± 10.4, 145 ± 35%pred), and high VE-vs-Vco₂ slope to VCP (37.6 ± 12.1, 126 ± 41%pred). The best predictor of death was a higher lowest VE/Vco₂ (≥ 42, ≥ 141%pred), whereas the VE-vs-Vco₂slope to VCP was less variable than other slopes. For death prognosis in 6 months, %pred values were superior: for longer times, absolute values were superior.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increased lowest VE/Vco₂ ratio easily identifiable and simply measured during exercise, is the best measurement to assess the ventilation-co₂output relationship in prognosticating death in CHF patients.</p>

The epidemiological features of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical epidemiological features. of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective analysis of 132 cases of blast injury of lungs caused by gas explosion injuries in our hospital from 1990 to 2010 were made, including the information of lung injury, associated injuries, treatment and mortality.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>56 patients were conscious on admission, during 1 ∼ 5 days, 30 patients got cough, hemoptysis and other pulmonary symptoms, 7 patients had hemothorax, 11 cases combined with pneumothorax, 86 cases of patients with burns, 96 cases with pulmonary aspiration compound injury, 41 cases with abdominal organs blast injuries, 76 cases with pulmonary infection, 31 cases with shock, Seven patients died of respiratory failure, two patients died of respiratory failure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Blast injury of lung featured with serious internal injuries, combined with many injuries, The incidence of compound injury was high, and it was difficult to diagnose. Chest X-ray were varied. The mortality was high, and the predominant causes of death were respiratory failure, shock, sepsis. Most patients with blast injury of lung need tracheotomy and mechanical ventilation. Timely tracheotomy, mechanical ventilation were the major prognostic measures.</p>

The surface biomarkers of sputum cells in coal mine workers and patients with pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the significance of intercellular adhesion molecule -1 (CD54 or ICAM-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived factor (PDGF) in sputum cells of workers exposed to dust and patients with pneumoconiosis for the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The subjects included 62 workers exposed to dusts, 51 workers not exposed to dusts, 22 patients with pneumoconiosis and 10 healthy controls. The respiratory sputum technique was used to collect the sputum samples and the biomarkers (ICAM-1, EGFR and PDGF) of the sputum samples were detected with the sputum samples.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the exposure group was compared with non-exposure group, there were no significant differences of surface biomarkers (ICAM-1, EGFR and PDGF) in sputum cells (neutrophil leucocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and acidophilic/basophil leucocytes). As compared with other workers exposed to dusts, the surface CD54 and EGFR expression levels increased significantly and the surface PDGF expression level decreased significantly in workers exposed to dusts for 10 years (P<0.05). As compared with controls, the CD54 and EGFR expression levels of sputum cells increased significantly and the PDGF expression level of sputum cells decreased significantly in patients with pneumoconiosis at the stages of I and II + mI (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expression levels of the surface CD54, EGFR and PDGF of sputum cells in workers exposed to dusts and patients with pneumoconiosis changed, which may be useful for early detecting pneumoconiosis.and patients is changed, which may be meaningful for early detection of pneumoconiosis.</p>

Risk factors on human cystic echinococcosis in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County in Xinjiang / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the risk factors of human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang (HMACX) and to discuss the related strategies for prevention and control. Methods A randomized sampling method was used to screen local residents for human CE in HMACX. CE related risk factors including ethnicity,age,sex,occupation and personal status on hygiene etc. were analyzed under multi-factor logistic regression. Results The prevalence rates of CE and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) were 3.7% (23/627) and 0.16%(1/627) respectively,with the seropositive rate as 12.4% (76/613). The main risk factors that significantly associated with CE were age (OR=7.6,95% CI: 2.481-23.579) and slaughtering livestock in the households (OR=3.2,95%CI: 1.297-7.809). Herdsmen had the highest prevalence of CE in all of the occupations in this study. Conclusion HMACX had been a highly endemic area for human CE,with age and family slaughtering-livestock-behavior appeared to be the main possible risk factors.

Epidemiological study on human echinococcosis in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County of Xinjiang / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics and distribution of human eehinococcosis in Hobukesar Mongolian Autonomous County (HMAC) in Xinjiang. Methods Using cluster sampling methods, the 2 counties (Tiebukenwusa and Narenhebuke) in HMAC were chosen as focusing areas for investigation. A survey of human echinococcosis including questionnaire, serological test and abdominal ultrasonic scan was carried out. Results The prevalence of human echinococcosis was 9.0% (64/712) by ultrasound and surgical history, including 8.7% (62/712) for cystic eehinococcosis(CE), 0.3%(2/712) for alveolar echinococcosis(AE) and 15.6%(111/712) for total of serological positives in HMAC. CE prevalence rate of different occupations, age, family slaughtering livestock and drinking water source had significant differences(P<0.05). Herdsmen as the highest risk group showed a CE prevalence of the 13.4% (27/201) in comparison with other occupations. The ages between 20 to<40 year-old were at the highest risk stage with 12.8% incidence. But CE prevalence rate of different gender, ethnic and education groups had not significant differences(P>0.05). Conclusions HMAC could be considered as a high endemic human CE region in Xinjiang. The current study reported the main risk factors may include occupations, age difference and drinking water source.

A study on relationship between rat brain tissues hurts of the gas explosion and the expression of protein kinase CamRNA and c-fos gene / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore relationship between rat brain tissues hurts of gas explosion and the expression of Protein Kinase C alpha mRNA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Build up rat hurt model of gas explosion. In Situ Hybridization (IDH) technique was used to test Protein Kinase C alpha mRNA. Immunohistochemical Assays (IHA) was used to determine c-fos gene protein.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Only a little a mount expression of PKC alpha mRNA and c-fos of the control group was detected. The expression of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of PKC alpha mRNA 24 h, 48 h and the 48 h increased obviously, and the 48 h reached the peak of expression; (t = 4.12 P < 0.01). The expression of c-fos protein of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus started to increase obviously at 0.5 h and the 4 h reached the peak, then the strength lowered gradually and the expression level came back normal level on fifth day.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anoxia of brain tissues due to the gas explosion may promote the expression of PKCamRNA, and PKCamRNA could regulate the expression of the gene of c-fos. Both PKCamRNA and the gene of c-fos are involved in harmful processes to the nerve cells.</p>